Look at the 'Made in...." label. IMHO, you probably have answered your own question: batteries are indeed one area where 'you get what you pay for'.
Almost all batteries come out of one of very few factories, with just different labels put on them. I'd say this is generally not correct.
The lack of CCA ratings, and the general configuration, suggests this is not made for automotive use, but for general storage use, like in a UPS. In fact this link indeed identifies it as a UPS battery; UPS batteries are typically not suited to the high discharge rates in automotive starting use.
I don't see anything in that link that indicates it's a deep discharge or storage use battery, beyond the lack of CCA rating.
It's an Absorbed Glass Mat battery, which means it can be turned in any direction, often used to locate batteries sideways under seats or other narrow places.
They're also used by offroaders as a self-contained boosting starter, you just tip them upsidedown and press them against the terminals of a battery under the hood.
Something like 50% of new cars use AGM batteries instead of traditional flooded ones. Here's a random article on why:
What is an AGM battery? | Greenlight by Interstate Batteries
This battery is a touch on the smaller side for a starter battery, but not egregiously so. Maybe 20% smaller than average.
Whether it's designed as a starter battery or a deep cycle storage battery depends on the internal construction. Starter batteries use honeycomb-like wafers to maximize surface area at the expense of fragility. Deep cycle batteries sacrifice surface area for robustness by having solid plates (and usually extra empty space at the bottom of the tank for the plate crud to accumulate without causing problems as it flakes off).
I can't think of any reason this battery would fail, it should, if anything, be several times more robust than a flooded battery.
The only drawback is that they're a bit more sensitive to overcharge, as a flooded battery has the thermal mass of the water (hence flooded), and also uses that as electrolytic reserve. Some water an boil off or electrolyse off and not seriously impair the battery's function. AGM doesn't have that advantage.
Old-style trickle chargers (if an actual trickle charger, not maintenance charger) are almost always too high of voltage to actually leave a battery on indefinitely. They often have no regulation, just crude transformer and FWB rectifier (if even an fwb and not just a single). Often neglecting caps even. Their voltage depends on load, so, might be say, 17v, but even when only charging at 2a, it'll be only 13v. But once the battery fills and the load drops, the voltage creeps ever higher. That's why they used to recommend avoiding using chargers and that the healthiest way to charge a dead battery is to leave your engine running. It's wrong (alternator can easily put out 50-75 amps, way higher than the normal 2-15a from a charger, and more is more stressful), but the alternator isn't going to overvolt the battery.
Also temperature has an effect, the hotter a battery is, the lower its max voltage. The difference is only tenths of a volt, but kept in a hot place, or warmed up from an otherwise-fine charger, it could be easy to overcharge.
Left on a normal charger, same as I did every day, I had an electric moped with UPS batteries I used for a summer. No problem, left for days, even a week at a time. But in the sun after not riding it for a month and left on the charger? Swollen and dead. Temperature tweaked their max voltage just enough to ruin them.
Even if it was a mislabelled UPS battery, it would be several multiples as durable as a flooded battery. Their whole use case is to be thrown in a rack and forgotten about for 3-5 years, only ever used during a power outage. There's no way it should die on a shelf.
And, even though their CCA is lower than a flooded battery, it should easily, easily start a car in normal conditions. Unless you're in the dead of winter, you only really need 25-50% the amps you otherwise would to start a car. I can start a car off of my Dewalt drill battery when my starter is dead.