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Terminal 31 ohms reading looks OK; that is going to ground, and will be very low. (If you touch your ohmmeter leads together, you will probably see a few tenths of an ohm. To be as accurate as you can with very low ohms readings, that 'leads shorted' reading shoudl be subtracted from your actual measurements.)
The change from infinite to 1.2 ohms on 49A when the blinker stalk is moved to either left or right seems normal.
The reading at +49 is non-zero so that is what you are looking for. (The harness should have been disconnected from the hazard flasher switch when you made this to check for shorts. Then you would read infinite ohms. I am not familiar with you electrical experience so was not that detailed.)
The reading on C seems reasonable and would not change with the indicator; that is essentially the 2 dash indicator lamps resistances in parallel. (Or just 1 in this case, since one does not light up.)
That DNI0841 relay that you tried would not be expected to work. It says right on the diagram, and in your included text, that it is for 24 volts! (And it says so when looked up separately.) It just will not work in a 12 volt system... at all. You need to get the right part.
But your real issue sounds like a bad wire. If it basically worked with the cluster out, then something is getting disconnected when the wires are moved. When the hazard flasher is disengaged (not flashing, i.e., normal driving), then you should have 12 volts at the 49+ terminal when the key is in RUN, either with a blinker engaged or not. The voltage might drop a little bit when either L or R blinker is engaged AND the system is working. The bad/loose/disconnected wire is likely going to be any of the wires from the flashert socket except the one to C.
The fried wire to the alternator stud is concerning.... that may well mean that there WAS a short in the systems... that may re-occur. Keep an eye (and feel for heat) on the ammeter area... these are known problems in many old cars, and occasionally end badly in a fire. Be ready to pull off a battery terminal if you see smoke!
The change from infinite to 1.2 ohms on 49A when the blinker stalk is moved to either left or right seems normal.
The reading at +49 is non-zero so that is what you are looking for. (The harness should have been disconnected from the hazard flasher switch when you made this to check for shorts. Then you would read infinite ohms. I am not familiar with you electrical experience so was not that detailed.)
The reading on C seems reasonable and would not change with the indicator; that is essentially the 2 dash indicator lamps resistances in parallel. (Or just 1 in this case, since one does not light up.)
That DNI0841 relay that you tried would not be expected to work. It says right on the diagram, and in your included text, that it is for 24 volts! (And it says so when looked up separately.) It just will not work in a 12 volt system... at all. You need to get the right part.
But your real issue sounds like a bad wire. If it basically worked with the cluster out, then something is getting disconnected when the wires are moved. When the hazard flasher is disengaged (not flashing, i.e., normal driving), then you should have 12 volts at the 49+ terminal when the key is in RUN, either with a blinker engaged or not. The voltage might drop a little bit when either L or R blinker is engaged AND the system is working. The bad/loose/disconnected wire is likely going to be any of the wires from the flashert socket except the one to C.
The fried wire to the alternator stud is concerning.... that may well mean that there WAS a short in the systems... that may re-occur. Keep an eye (and feel for heat) on the ammeter area... these are known problems in many old cars, and occasionally end badly in a fire. Be ready to pull off a battery terminal if you see smoke!