A few points to be made.
First of all, the foreign country pays nothing, unless you want to call lost sales a cost. The importer pays, and eventully the end user (we the people) pay the bill. Effectively, tariffs are little more than a national sales tax.
Second, the overseas seller has a number of options with respect to actually transferring the cash to the U.S. government. The seller can elect to pay the cost himself or he can designate the importer be responsible. The shipping label has a check-box on it that indicates if the seller is paying; if the check-box is blank, the default is that the importer pays.
Third, the shipping companies have agreed to act as the intermediary in the transaction. That is, they deliver the product to the importer and then bill the importer for the tariff due. They do this for a fee, of course, that experience is showing to be passed on to the importer as additional shipping charges. This, in turn, raises the shipping charges considerably, and experience is showing that there is little reconciliation between the product cost, the tariff and the shipping fees. There have been many instances where it appears that the tariffs charged are considerably more than expected (example: there may be a tariff on aluminum but not glass. However, tariffs are being charged based on the cost of the entire window).
Fourth, and this is where we become more affected: until recently there has been an $800 exemption from tariffs. That exemption is gone, meaning any little thing we buy from overseas gets tariffed. I have not seen this yet because it is too soon, but I suspect that when the US Postal Service is involved in the delivery, we can expect to find a card in our mailbox telling us that there is an item awaiting us at the local PO, postage due. UPS, DHL and FedEx will inundate us with oversized invoices.
Finally, I think there may be something else going on with Edelschmeide and DHL, similar to the issues that caused SplendidParts to abandon the North American market a few years ago. Udo had told me that he was required by the U.S. to certify that, not only the entire part but also all of the compnents of said part were sourced in "approved" countries, and that DHL was constantly firing stuff back at him for further certifiction, in turn causing ill feelings toward him from the end user customers. He finally came to the conclusion that it was not worth the candle.
I will add that we want to be careful with this one. Another forum I participate in has had a number of discussions on the topic spin totally out of control, devolving into rank political arguments with associate insults, name calling, etc. Let's all be careful.